School Students In South Korea Research Articles

피지컬 리터러시(Physical Literacy) 측정 도구 PPLI(Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument)의 타당성 연구: 한국 중학생 대상

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate validation of the Korean PPLI questionnaire, which can measure an individual’s perceived Physical Literacy, for middle school students in South Korea.
 Methods The subjects consisted of 608 students (male: 317 and female: 291) from the 1st to 3rd grade at five public middle schools in D Metropolitan City of Korea. The Korean PPLI scale for this study was completed through translation, reverse translation, and content review by expert groups. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity analysis were performed, using SPSS 26 and AMOS 27 statistical program.
 Results The results showed that first, the total score of the study participants ranged from 10 to 44 points, with a mean of 33.11 and male students had higher average scores than female one in all sub-factors. Second, the results of CFA, Chi-square (x2=146.233, df=24, p<.001), RMSEA=0.092, RMR=0.51, GFI=0.948. IFI=0.947, TLI=0..921, CFI=0.947 showed acceptable model fit. And as a result of examining the factor structures, the three-factor model outperformed alternative models. Third, as a result of the convergent validity analysis, the factor loading (0.59-0.91) of all items meet the criterion (>0.5), AVE value ranged from 0.361 to 0.651, and CR value ranged from 0.629 to 0.847. And as a result of the discriminant validity analysis, factor 1 and factor 3 were judged appropriate under the two discriminant conditions, but factor 2 was judged inappropriate due to the low AVE value in the first discrimination condition (AVE>r 2).
 Conclusions Based on the results of this study, the Korean PPLI questionnaire scale was a valid and reliable measurement tool among Korean adolescents. Therefore, it is expected to be used as a useful tool for understanding the perceived Physical Literacy of Korean adolescents.

잠재프로파일 분석을 통한 중･고등학생의 직업가치 유형 및 영향요인 연구

This study aimed to identify the types of career values among middle and high school students in South Korea and to analyze the characteristics of influencing factors for each type. To achieve this, data from the respondents of the 5th(2022) Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, were utilized. The sample sizes were 2,275 middle school students and 2,205 high school students. Latent profile analysis was conducted to derive types of career values, and a three-step approach was used to explore antecedent and outcome variables that influence these types.
 The main conclusions of the research are as follows. First, while the types of career values among middle and high school students showed similar patterns, there were differences in the proportion of the sample by group and the level of career values. Second, personal, school, and familial factors collectively have a significant impact on the types of career values among adolescents. Third, a group that values the social aspects represented by social contribution and honor was identified, and positive relations with various entities were shown to promote the likelihood of inclusion in this group. Based on these findings, the following suggestions are made. Improvements in career and vocational education are needed to allow adolescents to accurately recognize career values suitable for their characteristics and environment, and to conduct related career exploration.

A Comparison of Traditional Delinquency and Cyber-Delinquency: General Strain Theory and Community Protective Factors

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on forms of delinquency among South Korean adolescents. We investigate the risks and protective factors associated with traditional delinquency and cyber-delinquency to provide guidance for prevention. We employed the theoretical frameworks of general strain theory (GST) and the Communities That Care (CTC) model to analyze panel data from middle school students in South Korea (N = 2,384) surveyed in 2019 and 2020 (during the COVID-19 pandemic). Traditional delinquency and cyber-delinquency in 2020 were dependent variables, and general strain and CTC variables in 2019 were independent variables. We conducted a logistic regression analysis and found that only academic pressure had a significantly positive relationship with traditional delinquency. Moreover, participation in extracurricular activities was a risk factor for traditional delinquency and cyber-delinquency. Contrary to expectations, the protective functions of CTC factors were not identified, likely due to the effects of the pandemic. We conclude this paper by discussing the implications of our findings and the limitations of our research.

Development of a chatbot for school violence prevention among elementary school students in South Korea: a methodological study.

This study develops a chatbot for school violence prevention (C-SVP) among elementary school students. Among the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) models, ADD phases were applied to develop a C-SVP. Students' learning needs were identified by constructing content with a design that attracted their attention. Subsequently, a formative evaluation was conducted on the developed C-SVP to test its applicability by ten elementary school students targeting the 5th and 6th grades. The chatbot was designed using KakaoTalk and named "School Guardian Angel." The formative evaluation revealed that the developed C-SVP was easily accessible and useful for elementary school students. The developed C-SVP is expected to be effective in preventing violence among elementary school students. However, further research involving children of various age groups is required.

A Study on the Relationship Between Academic Stress and Mental Health Among High School Students in South Korea

This study examines the complex interplay between academic stress and mental health among South Korean high school students, employing a participant-centric research design with both qualitative and quantitative dimensions. It delves into the highly competitive academic environment, emphasizing societal pressures and the examination-oriented education system. Academic stress is comprehensively explored, defining its multifaceted nature and identifying key stressors. Findings categorize students into stress profiles, mapping varying degrees of stress and identifying common triggers. Correlations between academic stress and mental health outcomes are discussed, along with insights from subgroup analyses. Implications for education emphasize policy reform and a balanced, supportive environment, while holistic mental health support is recommended through integrated resources and stigma reduction.

A Consensual Qualitative Research on Work Values of Elementary School Students in South Korea

This study aims to explore the work values of elementary school students in the early stages of career development. A total of 304 students in fifth and sixth grades from metropolitan areas of South Korea answered a questionnaire asking about three jobs they wanted, three jobs they did not want, and their reasons. The data were analyzed through a consensual qualitative research-modified method. The participants were classified into eight categories and 21 domains for the jobs they wanted and seven categories and 15 domains for the jobs they did not want. The categories for the jobs they wanted were recognition, contribution, ability, relationship, money, stability, interest, and ease. The categories of safety and health, contribution, ability, money, stability, interest, and ease were identified for the jobs they did not want. The implications of the results for career education, career counseling, and future research were discussed.

Single-sex vs. Coeducational schooling: an empirical study on the mental health outcomes of middle school students

ABSTRACT Unlike previous literature that mainly examined the cognitive effects of single-sex education, this study investigates its effects on students’ mental health, focusing on depression, suicide-related behaviours, and the various causes of stress. Utilizing a national-level large-scale dataset of middle school students in South Korea and employing an instrument variable approach, we find that attending single-sex schools reduces the probability of depression in female students by about 9.9% points, while no significant effect is observed for male students. Additionally, our research regarding the causes of stress uncovers that single-sex schooling reduces the stress associated with peer relationships, particularly for girls. These findings imply that the non-cognitive benefits of single-sex education may be stronger than previously thought. As a result, we advocate for a more thoughtful and inclusive implementation of school policies, taking into consideration the impact of gender peer effects at school.

Longitudinal relationships between grit, self-esteem, and academic achievement among Korean primary school students

In a competition-driven meritocratic learning environment, academic achievement can have a direct effect on self-esteem and self-concept. As such, academic achievement can act as an antecedent to grit and self-esteem. This study examined the longitudinal reciprocal relationships of academic achievement, consistency of interest (CI), perseverance of effort (PE), and self-esteem among fourth-grade and fifth-grade primary school students in South Korea, who were under heavy pressure in a performance-oriented learning environment. Data pertaining to 2,240 students were extracted from the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute, and cross-lagged structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the longitudinal relationship between three variables. The results revealed that academic achievement had a statistically significant positive relationship with CI, PE, and self-esteem; CI had a statistically significant positive relationship with PE; and PE had a statistically significant positive relationship with self-esteem through the mediation of academic achievement. In addition, self-esteem demonstrated the highest level of stability, and although CI and PE demonstrated similar levels of stability, CI displayed slightly greater stability compared to PE. Findings from this study suggest the need to support grit and self-esteem among Korean students under pressure in performance-oriented academic environments.

Preservice Teachers’ Experiences with E-service Learning for Middle School Students in South Korea

Electronic service (e-service) learning has considerable potential to promote engagement and interactions between people by liberating spatial constraints. Due to the pandemic situation, ordinary face-to-face service learning was impossible, but there was an urgent need to support adolescent English learners in communities. In accordance with the community needs, this phenomenological study explored Korean EFL preservice teachers’ experiences and perceptions of e-service learning, focusing on the collaborative nature of learning. Based on this, we collected data from multiple sources (i.e., interviews, reflective reports, and artifacts) from 23 Korean preservice teachers majoring in English language education and conducted interviews with six teachers. The qualitative analysis of these data reveals that the Korean EFL preservice teachers seem to see four essential benefits and strengths of e-service learning: (1) the construction of their teacher identity, (2) the development of teaching-related skills, (3) the fulfillment of EFL learner needs, and (4) a social impact. They also addressed several challenges of e-service learning. Findings provide EFL teacher educators and researchers with valuable insights into e-service learning as part of teacher education.

Association Between Depressed Mood Changes and Physical Activity Among Adolescents Post COVID-19 Pandemic.

Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, adolescents have experienced decreased physical activity and a decline in mental health. This study analyzed the association between changes in depressed mood after the COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity among adolescents. The analysis was based on the results of the 17th Youth Health Behavior Online Survey conducted in 2021, which included 54848 middle and high school students in South Korea. Information on physical activity included low-intensity physical activity lasting >60 min/day, high-intensity physical activity, and strength training exercises. A logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between physical activity and changes in depression after the COVID-19 pandemic. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and previous depression, adolescents who performed strength training exercises more than once per week had a 0.95-fold lower risk (odds ratio [OR]=0.948, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.905-0.994, p= 0.027) of increasing depression after the COVID-19 pandemic, while the risk of decreasing depression increased by 1.22-fold (OR=1.215, 95% CI=1.131-1.305, p<0.001). The results were not significant for low-intensity physical activity for >60 min/day and high-intensity physical activity. Strength-training exercises are significantly associated with the prevention of depression among adolescents following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Energy Education Service Quality Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Schools in South Jeolla Province: A Research Based on SERVQUAL Model

The most basic purpose of this thesis is to recognize the relationship between 'energy, human rights and peace' through the energy education that young students received at school, so that 'democracy in action' for the realization of sustainable energy democracy, a common task for all mankind in the future. It helps to grow as a citizen. To this end, the specific goal set by this thesis is to evaluate the current quality of energy education services in South Jeolla Province, prepare countermeasures based on the evaluation results, and further improve the level of energy education services in South Jeolla Province elementary and secondary schools. Based on the SERVQUAL theory and combining with the personalized characteristics of energy education in South Jeolla Province, this paper constructed a 3-dimensional energy education service quality scale with 12 questions, designed a five-component Likert scale, It adopted the questionnaire Star online survey platform. A questionnaire survey was conducted by random sampling, then SPSS26.0 was used to analyze the survey results, and the quality of energy education of primary and secondary school students in South Korea was evaluated scientifically. Through the above research and analysis, the main influencing factors and gaps of energy education for primary and secondary school students in South Jeolla Province were clarified. Finally, a specific research conclusion is drawn, Namely, the quality of energy education service for elementary and middle school students in South Jeolla Province is average, and there is a large GAP in the final score in three dimensions of responsiveness, assurance and reliability, among which the largest gap value is the dimension of assurance. To this end, based on the research results, this paper puts forward specific countermeasures and suggestions, such as strengthening communication and feedback, improving energy literacy of primary and secondary school energy teachers in South Jeolla Province, and innovating community education models.

Normative Influence of Social Media on Adolescents' Actions, Attitudes, and Perceptions Toward Non-Normative Behavior in South Korea

This study examines the formation of adolescents' norms toward non-normative behaviors using a two-wave survey of middle school students in South Korea over a one-year period. The study focuses on four modes of non-normative behavior, namely, verbal aggression, Internet slang, digital piracy, and self-exposure, and investigates the impact of exposure to descriptive and injunctive norms on social media on adolescents' actions, attitudes, and perceptions of non-normative behavior. The results reveal that exposure to injunctive norms on social media is positively associated with adolescents' engagement in deterring non-normative behavior. This suggests that when adolescents witness others taking action against non-normative behavior on social media, they are more likely to engage in similar actions to prevent such behavior. However, the effect of exposure to descriptive norms on actions against non-normative behavior is not supported in this study. The study provides insights into the influence of personal relationships and social networks on young people's perceptions of social media use in South Korea, with important implications for developing interventions to promote responsible and respectful digital behavior among young people.

Latent classes of smartphone dependency trajectories and predictors of classes among middle school students in South Korea

PurposeWith widespread use of smartphones, side effects of smartphone dependency among adolescents are emerging as a social problem. Screening high-risk groups is important for appropriate interventions to prevent smartphone dependency in early adolescence. This study thus aimed to identify latent classes of smartphone dependency trajectories and predictors of classes among South Korea's middle school students. Design and methodsWe used data from 2164 middle school students from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (2018–2020). Latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) was performed to confirm the longitudinal trajectory, and latent class growth modeling (LCGM) was performed to identify latent classes of middle school students' smartphone dependency. Then, multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore predictors of the classes. ResultsThe LGCM showed that the trajectory of all middle school students' smartphone dependency increased (intercept 30.65, slope = 1.09). However, the LCGM identified three latent classes: (1) low-stable (intercept 23.01, nonsignificant slope), (2) medium-increasing (intercept 30.37, significant increasing slope), and (3) high-increasing (intercept 37.79, significant increasing slope). Predictors of each latent class included gender, aggressive behavior, self-esteem, parental smartphone dependency, parenting attitude, and negative peer relationships. ConclusionThe results indicate that the smartphone dependency trajectory of all adolescents is not the same, and there are latent classes with different trajectory patterns. Practical implicationsThese findings may contribute to the development of nursing interventions for the smartphone dependency of adolescents. Such interventions should encourage positive factors and eliminate negative factors and, especially, involve parents.

A study on the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the parenting outcome expectancy scale for parents of elementary school students.

Many parents do not engage in active discussions with their children about sexuality. This can contribute to negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes among youth. To foster a healthy environment for sexual activity, it is crucial for parents to provide comprehensive sex education to their children at home. This study aims to cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Korean version of the Parenting Outcome Expectancy Scale to measure the sexual communication abilities of parents of elementary school students in South Korea. The study participants were parents of elementary school students between 6 to 13 years old. We used exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to examine the reliability and validity of the 23-item Korean version of the Parenting Outcome Expectancy Scale. The study confirms the reliability and validity of the scale, comprising five factors and 22 items, for the evaluation of the outcome expectancy of communication about sex between parents and their children. Results also demonstrate that talking about sex is still a challenge for many parents. This instrument can help parents prepare for sex communication with their children and for sexual education, potentially yielding a positive effect on children's sexual health and parental satisfaction.

초⋅중학생의 디지털 리터러시 역량 평가를 위한 프레임워크 개발

Objectives The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for evaluating the digital literacy competencies of primary and middle school students in South Korea.&#x0D; Methods To achieve this, the researchers analyzed previous domestic and international studies and cases to develop a draft evaluation framework that includes definitions of digital literacy, evaluation areas, sub-elements, definitions of sub-elements, and examples of achievement. The developed draft was revised and validated through two rounds of the Delphi survey.&#x0D; Results The final proposed digital literacy evaluation framework consists of five evaluation areas and 11 sub-elements, including ① digital tools (understanding of digital tools, utilization of digital tools), ② digital information and data (information search and data collection, analysis and evaluation of information and data, management of information and data), ③ digital communication and collaboration (digital communication, digital collaboration), ④ digital resource production (content production, problem-solving based on computational thinking), and ⑤ digital safety and health (digital safety, digital health).&#x0D; Conclusions The significance of the evaluation framework for the digital literacy developed in this study is that it systematizes the construct for measurement of the digital literacy required by primary and middle school students. In the future, this framework can be used to develop evaluation tools for diagnosing the level of digital literacy of students.

Korean adolescents’ profiles of digital citizenship and its relations to internet ethics: implications for critical digital citizenship education

ABSTRACT The study aims to identify adolescents’ profiles of digital citizenship based on the key elements of digital citizenship and to examine the relationship between the identified profiles and Internet ethics. Survey data were collected from 455 middle and high school students in South Korea and analysed with a latent profile analysis. Results revealed that there were three distinct digital citizenship profiles: communication-based; technically illiterate but politically active; and all-around digital citizens. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that gender, experience of digital citizenship education, frequency of posting on social media, Internet self-efficacy and Internet anxiety were significant factors predicting adolescents’ profiles of digital citizenship. The results also indicated that there were significant mean differences in Internet ethics across the profiles. This research will help to develop distinct strategies and differentiated digital citizenship education programmes. Educational implications including critical digital citizenship education are discussed.

Smartphone Dependency, Happiness, and Social Class Awareness Among Middle School Students in South Korea

Smartphone dependency (SD) has been linked to decreased happiness; however, research has not yet explored potential mediating mechanisms such as social class awareness (SCA) in this relationship. This study examined the association between SD and happiness among middle school students and the mediating effect of SCA in this relationship. Data from the 11th Korea-Child Happiness Index 2019 Survey were used, which is a cross-sectional survey administered to children and adolescents residing in South Korea collected by the Korea Social Science Data Archive (KOSSDA). A total of 2,296 Korean middle school students were selected for analysis. Findings suggest that higher levels of SD were associated with lower levels of happiness. SCA mediated the relationship between SD and happiness among middle school students. SD prevention and intervention approaches should consider the extent to which SCA impacts happiness of middle school students.

Investigating differences in test-takers’ use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies in audio-only and video-based listening comprehension test

The present study investigated the extent to which presence of visual cues had an impact on test-takers’ use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies during an L2 listening test. A total of 116 high school students in South Korea were randomly allocated to take either audio-only or video-based listening comprehension test consisting of 15 items. Immediately after the test was finished, the participants responded to a questionnaire to report the degree to which they used various cognitive and metacognitive test-taking strategies. Findings showed that there was no significant difference in the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies between the two groups, but the video group outperformed the audio-only group in terms of test scores achieved. Factor analysis was conducted on the responses to the questionnaire. Three cognitive and metacognitive factors were identified (planning, comprehending and retrieval, monitoring and evaluation). When these factors were fitted in linear regressions, results showed that ‘planning’ and ‘comprehending and retrieval’ factors had significant positive effects on the overall test score, while the ‘monitoring and evaluation’ factor had a significant negative effect on the test-takers’ performance. Implications of the findings were discussed with reference to the design of video-based listening test to simulate authentic listening experience.

Academic Helplessness and Life Satisfaction in Korean Adolescents: The Moderated Mediation Effects of Leisure Time Physical Activity.

This study examined whether depression mediates a relationship between academic helplessness and life satisfaction and whether the mediating effect differs depending on participation in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) from a sample of 2384 middle school students in South Korea. Identifying these factors could help in developing intervention strategies for promoting life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling analyses were employed to understand how various factors influence adolescents' life satisfaction. First, the effect of academic helplessness on life satisfaction was mediated by depression. Second, the mediating effect of depression was moderated according to participation in LTPA: the size of the negative mediating effect of depression on the relationship between academic helplessness and life satisfaction was reduced in the LTPA group compared to the non-LTPA group. The current findings suggest that encouraging engagement in physical activity may be a crucial vehicle for affecting academic helplessness, depression, and life satisfaction among early adolescents. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Development of Argumentative Writing Ability in EFL Middle School Students

Although competent argumentative writing is important for academic success and daily life, it is difficult to teach, especially in middle schools where English is taught as a foreign language (EFL). Previous research has indicated that extensive reading or writing improves the descriptive writing skills of EFL students. However, it is not certain whether the positive effect of extensive reading or writing applies to other domains such as argumentative writing, which is demanding but crucial. In this study, we explored whether the argumentative and descriptive writing skills of middle school EFL students could develop naturally, i.e., via extensive reading or writing, without direct instruction, using descriptive writing as a comparative variable. A total of 297 EFL middle school students in South Korea were divided into three groups: the first group read books (n = 119), the second wrote about various topics (n = 117), and the third (control) received extended regular instruction (n = 61) over two semesters. Pre- and post-writing tests assessed argumentative and descriptive writing. Our results indicated that reading and writing exercises significantly improved argumentative and descriptive writing competence, but regular instruction did not. However, descriptive writing improved more than argumentative writing, particularly in terms of organization, content, and mechanics. Extensive reading or writing may constitute a feasible option for improving general writing skills. However, more context-specific methods to enhance adolescent argumentative writing in EFL schools are required.